Kocoa inonyanya kusanganiswa nechokoretiuye ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya zvinobatsira izvo zvinogona kusimbisa hutano hwakanaka hunhu.Iyo cocoa bhinzi ndeye tsaona sosi yekudya polyphenols, ine akawanda ekupedzisira antioxidants kupfuura akawanda ezvikafu.Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti polyphenols inobatanidzwa nehutano hunobatsira, saka cocoa yakapfuma mu polyphenols, uye chokoreti yakasviba, iyo ine chikamu chepamusoro checocoo uye yakakwirira antioxidants compoments maererano nemamwe marudzi echokoreti, yakafunga kukosha kuhutano.

Izvo zvinovaka muviri zvecocoa

Kocoa ine huwandu hunokosha hwemafuta, ~ 40 -50% iri mucocoa butter.Izvi zvinoumbwa ne33% oleic acid, 25% palmitic acid, uye 33% stearic acid.The polyphenol content inosvika gumi kubva muzana yehuremu hwakaoma hwebhinzi.Mapolyphenols ane cocoa anosanganisira makatechini (37%), anthocyanidins (4%), uye proanthocyanins (58%).Iyo proanthocyanins ndiyo yakanyanya kupararira phytonutrient mucocoa.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kuvava kwepolyphenols ndicho chikonzero chekuti cocoa bhinzi dzisina kugadziriswa hadzina kunaka;vagadziri vakagadzira nzira yekugadzirisa kubvisa kusuruvara uku.Nekudaro, chiitiko ichi chinodzikisira zvakanyanya polyphenol yemukati.Polyphenol yemukati inogona kudzikiswa kusvika kukapetwa kagumi.

Cocoa bhinzi zvakare ine nitrogenous makomisheni - aya anosanganisira ese mapuroteni uye methylxanthines, anoti theobromine uye caffeine.Kocoa zvakare yakapfuma mune zvicherwa, phosphorus, iron, potassium, mhangura, uye magnesium.

Iyo yemoyo mhedzisiro yecocoa kushandiswa

cocoa inonyanya kudyiwa mumhando yechokoreti;Kudyiwa kwechokoreti kwakaona kuwedzera kuchangobva kuitika pasirese, nechokoreti yakasviba ichiwedzera kufarirwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwecocoa uye hutano hunobatsira hunoenderana neyakajairwa kana chokoreti yemukaka.Uye zvakare, huya kumachokoreti ane yakaderera cocoa zvemukati senge chokoreti yemukaka zvinowanzobatanidzwa nezviitiko zvakashata nekuda kweshuga yakakwira nemafuta zvirimo.

Mukutaura kwekudya kwekocoa, chokoti yakasviba ndiyo inonyanya kudyiwa yekocoa inobatanidza nemigumisiro yehutano-inosimudzira;cocoa muchimiro chayo mbishi haina kunaka.

Pane mutsara wemigumisiro inobatsira pahutano hwemwoyo hunobatanidzwa nekudya nguva dzose kwecocoa-ine zvokudya uye zvinwiwa izvi zvinosanganisira zvinokonzerwa neropa, vascular uye platelet function, uye insulin resistance.

Polyphenols, iyo iripo mune yakanyanya kuwanda mucocoa uye yakasviba chokoreti, inogona kumisa endothelial nitrogen oxide synthase.Izvi zvinotungamirira kuchizvarwa chenitrogen oxide, iyo inoderedza BP nekusimudzira vasodilation.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuvandudzwa kwepulse wave kumhanya uye sclerotic mamakisi index.Uyezve, kuwedzera kukuru kwe plasma epicatechins kunobatsira mukusunungurwa kwe endothelium-derived vasodilators uye kuwedzera kuwedzera kweplasma procyanidins.Izvi zvinotungamirira kukugadzirwa kukuru kwenitrogen oxide, uye bioavailability yayo.

Kana yangoburitswa, nitrogen oxide inoitawo kuti prostacyclin synthesis nzira, iyo inoshandawo sevasodilator uye saka inobatsirawo kudzivirira kubva kune thrombosis.

Kuongororwa kwakarongeka kwakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwechokoti nguva dzose, kuverengwa se <100g / vhiki, inogona kubatanidzwa nekuderedza ngozi yehutano hwemwoyo;iyo yakanyanya kukodzera dhizaini yechokoreti yaive 45g / vhiki, sepamazinga epamusoro ekudyiwa, izvi zvinokonzeresa hutano zvinogona kurwiswa nekukwira kwehuga kushandiswa.

Nezve kumhando dzakanangana dzechirwere chemoyo, chidzidzo cheSweden chinotarisirwa chakabatanidza kudyiwa kwechokoreti nenjodzi yakaderedzwa yemyocardial infarction uye ischemic heart disease.Nekudaro, kushaikwa kwekubatana pakati pekudya kwechokoreti uye njodzi yeatrial fibrillation yakashumwa mune boka reUnited States varume vanachiremba.Pamwe chete neizvi, chidzidzo chehuwandu hwevanhu 20,192 vatori vechikamu chakakundikana kuratidza kushamwaridzana pakati pekudya kwechokoreti yakawanda (kusvika ku100 g / zuva) uye chiitiko chekukundikana kwemoyo.

Kocoa yakaratidzwawo kuti inobata basa mukurapa zvirwere zveuropi zvakadai sesitiroko;chiJapan chihombe, chakavakirwa pahuwandu, chinotarisirwa kudzidza chakaronga kushamwaridzana pakati pengozi yakadzikira yesitiroko muvakadzi, asi kwete varume, maererano nekudyiwa kwechokoreti.

Mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwecocoa pane glucose homeostasis

Kocoa ine flavanols iyo inovandudza glucose homeostasis.Vanogona kudzikisa carbohydrate digestion uye kunyura mumatumbo, iyo inoumba iyo mechanistic hwaro hwekuita kwavo.Cocoa zvinyorwa uye procyanidins zvakaratidzwa kuti dose-inotsamira inhibit pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, uye yakavanzika phospholipase A2.

Kocoa uye flavanols yayo yakavandudzawo kusanzwa kweglucose nekugadzirisa kutakurwa kweglucose uye insulin inoratidzira mapuroteni mu insulin-sensitive tissues yakadai sechiropa, adipose tissue, uye skeletal muscle.Izvi zvinodzivirira oxidative uye kukuvara kwekuzvimba kunoenderana nerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga.

Mhedzisiro kubva kuChiremba Hutano Yekudzidza yakashumawo hukama hwakasiyana pakati pekocoa kushandiswa uye chiitiko chechirwere cheshuga.Muchikwata chezvidzidzo zvemarudzi akawanda, njodzi yakadzikira yekuva nechirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri yakawanikwa, ine kudya kwakanyanya kwechokoti zvigadzirwa uye cocoa-inotorwa flavonoids.

Zvakare, ongororo inotarisirwa kuvakadzi vane pamuviri vekuJapan yakaratidzawo kudzikiswa kwengozi yegestational chirwere cheshuga pakati pevakadzi ivavo vari muquartile yepamusoro yekunwa chokoreti.

Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kushamwaridzana kwecocoa uye glucose homeostasis zvakaratidza kuti cocoa zvinyorwa uye procyanidins inhibit kugadzirwa kwema enzymes ekugaya makhahydrates uye lipids, izvo zvinoratidza basa rekuisa mukutonga kwehuremu hwemuviri pamwe chete nekudya kwakaderedzwa-calorie. .

Uyezve, imwe-bofu, randomized placebo-inodzorwa crossover yekuongorora kwevanhu yakaratidza metabolic mabhenefiti ekudya polyphenol-rine rima chokoreti uye mukana wemhedzisiro yakaipa inoitika nepolyphenol-varombo machokoreti.

Mhedzisiro yekudyiwa kwecocoa pagomarara

Kushandiswa kwecocoa kunoshanda pagomarara kune nharo.Zvidzidzo zvepakutanga zvakaratidza kuti kudya chokoreti kunogona kuve chinhu chinokonzeresa kukura kwegomarara remukati uye rezamu.Nekudaro zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti cocoa inogona kutadzisa kukura kwekenza maseruin vitro;zvisinei neizvi, maitiro eichi chiitiko chekurwisa kenza haanzwisisike.

Nezve chikamu chinoshanda mucocoa chinoburitsa mhedzisiro inopesana nekenza, procyanidins yakanyatso kuratidzwa kuderedza chiitiko uye kuwanda kwekenza yemapapu pamwe nekuderedza thyroid adenoma saizi mumakonzo echirume.Aya makomisheni anogona zvakare kutadzisa mammary uye pancreatic tumorigenesis mumakonzo echikadzi.Cocoa procyanidins zvakare inoderedza chiitiko chine chekuita nebundu-inosanganisirwa zviitiko senge tumor vascular endothelial growth factor chiitiko uye angiogenic chiitiko.

Kurapa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekenza yekenza yekenza ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwecocoa yakapfuma muprocyanidin yakaratidzwa kuti iite cytotoxicity uye chemosensitization.Zvinonyanya kukosha, chikamu chakakosha muzana chemasero muG0/G1 chikamu chesero kutenderera nekuwedzera kutarisisa.Pamusoro peizvi, chikamu chakakosha chemasero chakasungwawo muchikamu cheS.Izvi zvinokonzeresa zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species.

Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzakaratidzawo zvakasiyana siyana zvecocoa panjodzi uye kupararira kwegomarara.Cocoa polyphenols yakaratidzwa kuti inogadzira antiproliferative mhedzisiro nekuda kwekukanganiswa ne polyamine metabolism mukatiin vitrozvidzidzo zvevanhu.Inin vivorat zvidzidzo zveproanthocyanidins zviripo muchokoreti yakasviba zvakaratidzwa kuti inhibit mutagenicity yepancreatic cancers padanho rekutanga pamwe nekuita chemoprotective mhedzisiro mumapapu, kuderedza chiitiko uye kupararira kwecarcinomas nenzira inoenderana nedosi.

Kuti uone kushanda kwakazara kwecocoa panjodzi yekudzikisa njodzi kana kuomarara kwekenza, kumwe kushandurwa uye zvidzidzo zvinotarisirwa zvinodiwa.

Mhedzisiro yecocoa pane immune system

Zvidzidzo zvema immune system mhedzisiro zvine chekuita necocoa kana chokoreti kushandiswa kwakaratidza kuti cocoa-yakafumiswa chikafu inogona kuenzanisa mudumbu mhinduro yekudzivirira mumakonzo madiki.Kunyanya, theobromine uye cocoa zvakaratidzwa kuve zvakakonzera systemic intestinal antibody concentration pamwe nekugadzirisa lymphocyte kuumbwa mumakonzo madiki ane hutano.

Muchidzidzo chevanhu, ongororo yakaitwa kaviri-mapofu yakaratidza kuti kudyiwa kwechokoreti yakasviba kwakavandudza leukocyte adhesion factor pamwe nevascular function muvarume vaive vakafuta.Uyezve, vatori vechikamu mumuchinjikwa-chikamu, chekucherechedza, chidzidzo chevanhu avo vakadya zvine mwero cocoa vakawanikwa vaine kuderedzwa kwechirwere chisingaperi chichienzaniswa nevatengi vakaderera.Mukuwedzera, kudyiwa kwecocoa kwaive kwakabatana neallergies uye basa remuviri.

Mhedzisiro yecocoa pahuremu hwemuviri

Zvinopesana, pane kushamwaridzana pakati pekudyiwa kwecocoa uye basa rayo rinogona kuita seyero yekurapa kurwisa kufutisa uye metabolic syndrome.Izvi zvinobva kune dzakawandain vitrozvidzidzo zvembeva nemakonzo pamwe chete nemiedzo yekudzora isina kurongeka, vangangove vanhu, uye zvidzidzo zvekutonga muvanhu.

Mumakonzo nemakonzo, makonzo akafutisa akawedzerwa necocoa akadzikisa chiitiko chekufutisa-kwakabatana kuzvimba, chirwere chemafuta chechiropa, uye insulin kuramba.Kudya kwecocoa kwakaderedzawo fatty acid synthesis uye kutakura kuenda kuchiropa uye adipose tishu.

Muvanhu, kunhuwa kana kudyiwa kwechokoreti yakasviba kunogona kuchinja nzara, kudzvinyirira kudya nekuda kwekuchinja kweghrelin, iyo hormone inokonzera kunzwa kwenzara.Kugara uchinwa chokoreti yakasviba kunogona kukanganisa mazinga ehigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (iyo 'yakanaka' cholesterol), chiyero che lipoprotein, uye zviratidzo zvekuzvimba;zvakafanana zvakaonekwa apo kudyiwa kwechokoreti yakasviba pamwe chete nemaarumondi, kwakaratidzwa kuvandudza lipid profiles muropa.

Pakazere, cocoa uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvakatorwa zvinogona kuita sechikafu chinoshanda sezvo zvine akati wandei makomisheni izvo zvinogadzira hutano hunobatsira.Kubatsira kwayo kwehutano hwakanaka kunobata immune, moyo, uye metabolic masisitimu kutaura mashoma.Mukuwedzera, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza migumisiro yakanaka yekocoa kushandiswa panheyo yepakati.

Pane zvimwe zvisingakwanisi nezvidzidzo zvakagadzirirwa kuongorora mhedzisiro yecocoa - zvinoti, ivo vanoongorora hutano-kusimudzira zvimiro zvecocoa uye kwete zvechokoreti pachayo.Izvi zvinozivikanwa nekuti cocoa inonyanya kudyiwa muchimiro chechokoreti, iyo ine hutano chimiro chakasiyana neiyo yecocoa.Saka nekudaro, basa rechokoreti pahutano hwevanhu harina kufananidzwa zvachose neiyo yecocoa.

Zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinosanganisira kushomeka kwezvidzidzo zveepidemiological kuongorora hutano hwekoko nenzira dzakasiyana - dzinoti chokoreti yakasviba iyo iri kuwedzera mukurumbira.Uyezve, kune zvakati wandei zvinokatyamadza zvakaita sezvimwe zvinoumba chikafu, kufumurwa kwezvakatipoteredza, mararamiro, uye huwandu hwekudyiwa kwechokoreti, pamwe nekuumbwa kwayo kunodzikamisa simba rehumbowo hunounzwa nezvidzidzo.

Zvimwe zvidzidzo zveshanduro zvinodikanwa kuti uone zvingangoitika pakudyiwa kwekoko, uye chokoreti uye kuona mibairo inoratidzwa in vitro bvunzo pamhuka.